Frequency of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with metabolic syndrome

Obesity and metabolic syndrome is an epidemic seen in the developed, as well as developing countries. Early recognition of this disorder may prevent major non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are the hepatic manifestations of metabolic syndrome. Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrine Clinic of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from June 2008 to September 2010. This study was conducted in patients suspected to have metabolic syndrome, as defined by International Diabetes Federation. Patients fitting the clinical consensus definition, having either palpable liver or ultrasound evidence of fatty infiltration were enrolled. Detailed history, physical examination, anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were recorded. Liver biopsies were performed where possible and were assessed according to Brunt et al's classification. A total of 101 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Liver biopsy was done in 31 patients. On biopsy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was confirmed in 28 [90%], non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in 18 [58%] and fibrosis in 8 [25%] patients. Of the biopsied cases, fatty infiltration on ultrasound was seen in 14 [87.5%] cases. Alanine aminotransferase was higher in patients having fibrosis. There was a direct correlation of histopathological changes with rising waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and alanine aminotransferase. There was high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with metabolic syndrome and liver biopsy confirmed this in 90.3% patients who consented to this procedure

case of tinea saginata [tape worm] infestation of the uterus presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding

There are many reported causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. We report an unusual case of uterine bleeding caused by tapeworm infestation, mimicking retained products of conception in a 35 year old multipara